Project materials: their composition and content
libre 9
The design of settlements in Ukraine is carried out in several stages or phases, at which certain issues of planning and development, landscaping and gardening are developed. 
Design stages
There are four stages of design in total:
- a district (or regional) planning project;
- city planning project, or master plan;
- a detailed planning project (DPP) for a part of a city or settlement (for example, a residential area with a network of streets, etc;)
- development project (DP) for the urban territory of residential neighborhoods, highways, squares, and a public center.
For small towns and villages, a simplified design procedure is adopted, in which a district planning scheme is developed in a generalized manner and the master plan is combined with a detailed planning project.
A district planning project is drawn up on the basis of a number of natural factors and landscape features of the area, in compliance with economic, technical, architectural, planning and sanitary and hygienic requirements. Design work is carried out in the following order.
First, the technical and economic basis for district planning is drawn up, which identifies the prospects for the development of the productive forces of the district, and proposes the location of industrial and agricultural enterprises, power plants, cities, towns, recreation and tourism areas.
Then, a district planning scheme is developed in the form of a drawing at a scale of (1:5000) - (1:25,000). The scheme is drawn up with a view to the development of the district within 10 years (1st stage) and 25 years (perspective).
The scheme defines the settlement system and the estimated population of the district, its boundaries, zoning, provides for the organization of transport links and engineering equipment of the territories, formulates the principles of architectural and planning organization of cities and towns of the district, taking into account the landscape features of the area and the nature of development.
The main drawing of the scheme is accompanied by separate plans of settlements, protected areas, and recreation areas, and an explanatory note is also drawn up. A city planning project, or master plan, is the main urban planning document.
It defines the prospects for the development of the city and a comprehensive solution to all its functional elements, as well as the technical and aesthetic level of planning and development. Master plans for the largest cities (500,000 people and above) are developed in the following order.
First, a detailed planning project is drawn up, and then the master plan is developed directly. For small towns, a single master plan is prepared, which includes the technical and economic basis.
The planning project includes: the main drawing of the master plan at a scale of 1:25,000 (for the largest cities) or 1:5000 (for other cities and towns), which shows the planning structure of the settlement, the layout and panorama of the city (scale 1:2000), a functional zoning scheme, a scheme of transport facilities and the main street network, a scheme for the location of cultural and consumer services, a landscaping scheme, plans and maps showing engineering preparation (scale 1:2000), a scheme of the suburban zone.
An explanatory note and technical and economic indicators are attached to the planning project. The project of detailed planning of a part of a city or settlement territory aims to clarify and develop the decisions made by the master plan of the settlement. The project elaborates on the details of the master plan, i.e. individual planning zones or districts of the city, including the placement of individual elements of the greening system as recreational facilities for the population.
The detailed planning project includes the following materials: a scheme for the location of the projected area [M(1 : 5000) - (1 : 10 000)] in the city system; a sketch of the adjacent areas (1st stage of construction, M 1 : 2000); schemes of landscape zoning, vertical planning M 1:2000), engineering preparation of the territory and engineering equipment (M 1:2000), organization of transport, cultural and household services, landscaping of the residential area with master plans of individual large objects; cross-sectional profiles of streets [M(1:100) - (1:200)]; explanatory note and technical and economic indicators.
Development project is the final stage of designing a city or town, which includes detailed development of individual plots, neighborhoods, industrial enterprises, public and shopping centers, etc.
The project materials no longer include schemes, but detailed plans and drawings showing the location of buildings, structures, underground utilities, street and driveway layouts, building layouts, as well as drawings of engineering improvements and vertical layout, engineering equipment with specifications. A construction estimate is also drawn up, with technical and economic indicators and a detailed explanatory note attached.
