The rocks in the caves
libre 9
The so-called stones in caves are formed by water. Water not only creates caves, but also decorates them.
Thechemogenic formations that make caves amazingly beautiful and unique are extremely diverse. They are formed over thousands of years.
The main role in their formation is played by infiltration water seeping through the thickness of carbonate rocks and dripping from the ceiling of karst caves. In the past, these forms were called drips, and a distinction was made between "upper drip" and "lower drip". 
The upper drop is similar in everything to ice icicles. It hangs on the vaults of natural galleries. Through the icicles, which are sometimes a lot of different lengths and thicknesses together fused, pass from above vertical wells of different widths, from which mountain water drips, their longitude builds up and produces the lower drop, which grows from falling drops from the upper icicles. The color of kapi, and especially the upper, is mostly, like scale, white, grayish; sometimes, like a good yar, green, or completely wohryanoy.
Nate formations are formed usually after the emergence of underground cavities (epigenetic) and very rarely simultaneously with them (syngenetic). The latter are obviously not observed in karst caves.
Chemogenic deposits of caves
Chemogenic deposits of caves have long attracted the attention of researchers. Meanwhile, the issues of their classification and typification have been developed very poorly until recently.
The work of V. I . Stepanov (1971 ) stands out among special studies . I. Stepanov (1971), who subdivides mineral aggregates (stones) of caves into three types: stalactite-stalagmite crust (this includes products of crystallization from freely flowing solutions, i.e. stalactites, stalagmites, stalagnates, draperies, and concretions on the walls and floor of caves), corallites (this type includes mineral aggregates arising from capillary water films on the surface of underground cavities and concretions), and antholites (this type is represented by twisting and splitting during growth parallel-fiber aggregates of easily soluble minerals - gypsum, halite, etc.).
Although this typification is based on the genetic classification feature, it is theoretically insufficiently substantiated. The classifications of chemogenic forms proposed by G.A. Maksimovich (1963) and 3.K. Tintilozov (1968) are of the greatest interest.
Based on the consideration of these studies, chemogenic formations can be subdivided into the following main types:
- natonic;
- colomorphic;
- crystallite.
Nate formations, which are widespread in caves, are subdivided into two large groups according to their form and mode of origin: stalactite formations, formed due to calcareous substance released from drops hanging on the ceiling, and stalagmite formations, formed due to substance released from fallen drops.
